drug causing permanent brain damage to soldiers
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http://www.upi.com/view.cfm?StoryID=20040526-105156-8460r
Drug causing GIs permanent brain damage
By Mark Benjamin and Dan Olmsted
United Press International

WASHINGTON, (UPI) -- Six U.S. soldiers have been diagnosed by the military
with permanent brain damage from an anti-malaria drug used in Iraq and
Afghanistan, and health officials must reassess its safety, a U.S. senator said.

Sen. Dianne Feinstein, D-Calif., in a letter to Health and Human Services
Secretary Tommy Thompson, said the drug, called mefloquine, has "serious risks"
that have not been adequately tracked by the Pentagon, the Peace Corps and
other government agencies that distribute it.

"I ask that you work with the Food and Drug Administration to reassess the
safety of mefloquine," Feinstein wrote Thompson in a letter dated May 24.

Feinstein told Thompson she is concerned that "six service members have been
diagnosed with permanent brainstem and vestibular damage from being given
this drug despite the fact that alternative drugs might have been chosen to
prevent infection."

The FDA last year warned that the drug, also called Lariam, is linked to
reports of suicide, though a connection has not been established. It also said
some psychiatric and neurological side effects have been reported to last long
after taking it. The Pentagon this year announced a new safety study of the
drug, which has been used by some 20 million people worldwide, and the Department
of Veterans Affairs said it will look at possible long-term effects on
veterans.

According to people familiar with the situation, the six service members
were diagnosed in recent weeks by doctors at Naval Medical Center San Diego. Its
Spatial Orientation Lab, a Department of Defense facility, specializes in
balance disorders.

One service member who received a diagnosis is former Navy Reserve Cmdr.
William Manofsky, who became severely ill after taking mefloquine in Iraq and
Kuwait while deployed for Operation Iraqi Freedom. Another soldier with a
mefloquine diagnosis is a Green Beret who served in Afghanistan.

UPI reviewed a copy of Manofsky's medical report from the San Diego lab,
which includes the notation, "Lariam induced," with the word Lariam underlined.

Earlier this month, Manofsky filed suit against Lariam's manufacturer, Swiss
drug giant Hoffmann-La Roche, for alleged failure to warn of the drug's risks
and marketing a product it knows is unsafe.

Asked for comment about the suit, Roche spokesman Terence Hurley told UPI:
"We don't comment on pending litigation. Roche believes that the labeling that
accompanies Lariam, and which has been approved by the FDA, is adequate.
Information about the use of Lariam and neuropsychiatric events has appeared in the
product's label since it was approved by the FDA in 1989.

"Roche takes issues of safety very seriously and works with regulatory
authorities on an ongoing basis to ensure recommendations on product use take into
account current scientific and medical evidence."

Manofsky said he became mentally and physically ill after taking the drug,
at one point taking his gun apart because he was afraid he was going to kill
himself. A year after he stopped taking the drug, he still suffers from severe
balance problems, trembling and memory loss.

The diagnoses appear to put the Pentagon, and particularly the Army, in an
unusual position: Military health officials continue to insist the drug is safe
and to prescribe it widely. Army Surgeon General James Peake told a House
subcommittee in February that "we don't think it is as big a problem as has been
made out."

Peake also dismissed any association between the drug and a string of
murder-suicides at Fort Bragg, N.C., in the summer of 2002 by U.S. soldiers who took
Lariam while assigned to units in Afghanistan.

"There was absolutely no statistical correlation between Lariam use and
those suicides," Peake said.

But the Army announced it will study possible Lariam side effects, including
suicide, as a result of the controversy. The study could take up to two
years, according to William Winkerwerder Jr., assistant secretary of defense for
health affairs.

In March another Special Forces soldier committed suicide after taking
Lariam in Iraq and returning home to Monument, Colo. William Howell's wife believes
Lariam triggered his bizarre behavior, in which he stuck a gun in her face
and threatened to kill her before shooting himself. She accused the Army of not
looking into whether the drug had played a role -- the same charge made by
friends of the soldiers involved in the Fort Bragg incidents.

Howell's death in Colorado brought the number of suicides among Special
Forces soldiers during the war on terrorism to five. At least four of the five
took Lariam on deployments just prior to committing suicide, according to the
Army.

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